Distinctive features of angiospermsįlowers, the reproductive organs of flowering plants, are the most remarkable feature distinguishing them from the other seed plants. These distinguishing characteristics taken together have made the angiosperms the most diverse and numerous land plants, and the most commercially important group to humans.
Angiosperm derived characteristics Īngiosperms differ from other seed plants in several ways, described in the table below. Over the course of the Cretaceous, angiosperms diversified explosively, becoming the dominant group of plants across the planet by the end of the period, corresponding with the decline and extinction of previously widespread gymnosperm groups.Ĭhamaenerion angustifolium, also known as fireweed or rosebay willowherb, is a flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae.
The earliest angiosperm fossils are in the form of pollen around 134 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous. The origin and closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta ( / m æ ɡ ˌ n oʊ l i ˈ ɒ f ə t ə, - ə ˈ f aɪ t ə/). They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον / angeion ('container, vessel') and σπέρμα / sperma ('seed'), meaning those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. įlowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae ( / ˌ æ n dʒ i ə ˈ s p ər m iː/), commonly called angiosperms.
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